Frequently Asked Questions

Lakȟól’iya Owáakhiye Othí - Lakota Language Forum: Where can I buy the New Lakota Dictionary?; Where can I take the entry test to upgrade my membership?; Why do new members have to take the entry test to enter the main forum sections?; Why is Lakota sometimes spelled Lakota and sometimes Lakȟóta?; Why should a standard orthography be used for the Lakota language?; Why should the orthography be based on the sounds of the language?; Why does the orthography have to use diacritics? I have difficulty learning diacritics.; Why are Lakota words spelled differently here than in the book I use?; Why is thípi "house" spelled with an "h" when I hear no "h" pronounced in it?; What textbooks / learning materials are recommended? Where can I find information on Lakota Language?; Why should Lakota be written at all when it is an oral language?; I am looking for the Lakota equivalent of an English word but I cannot find it in the dictionary.; There is a Lakota word that I want to understand but I cannot find it in the dictionary.; I see that different sources contradict each other.; I do not understand the pronunciation and spelling.; Why cannot I access some of the forums?; What does SLO mean?; What does NLD mean?; What does VK mean?; What does "smth" and "sb" mean?; Why is the final "a" of some words spelled with a capital A; Why are the forum members required to use the New Lakota Dictionary as their main study material?

Login and Registration Issues: Why can’t I login?; Why do I need to register at all?; Why do I get logged off automatically?; How do I prevent my username appearing in the online user listings?; I’ve lost my password!; I registered but cannot login!; I registered in the past but cannot login any more?!; What is COPPA?; Why can’t I register?; What does the “Delete all board cookies” do?

User Preferences and settings: How do I change my settings?; The times are not correct!; I changed the timezone and the time is still wrong!; My language is not in the list!; How do I show an image below my username?; What is my rank and how do I change it?; When I click the e-mail link for a user it asks me to login?

Posting Issues: How do I post a topic in a forum?; How do I edit or delete a post?; How do I add a signature to my post?; How do I create a poll?; Why can’t I add more poll options?; How do I edit or delete a poll?; Why can’t I access a forum?; Why can’t I add attachments?; Why did I receive a warning?; How can I report posts to a moderator?; What is the “Save” button for in topic posting?; Why does my post need to be approved?; How do I bump my topic?

Formatting and Topic Types: What is BBCode?; Can I use HTML?; What are Smilies?; Can I post images?; What are global announcements?; What are announcements?; What are sticky topics?; What are locked topics?; What are topic icons?

User Levels and Groups: What are Administrators?; What are Moderators?; What are usergroups?; Where are the usergroups and how do I join one?; How do I become a usergroup leader?; Why do some usergroups appear in a different colour?; What is a “Default usergroup”?; What is “The team” link?

Private Messaging: I cannot send private messages!; I keep getting unwanted private messages!; I have received a spamming or abusive e-mail from someone on this board!

Friends and Foes: What are my Friends and Foes lists?; How can I add / remove users to my Friends or Foes list?

Searching the Forums: How can I search a forum or forums?; Why does my search return no results?; Why does my search return a blank page!?; How do I search for members?; How can I find my own posts and topics?

Topic Subscriptions and Bookmarks: What is the difference between bookmarking and subscribing?; How do I subscribe to specific forums or topics?; How do I remove my subscriptions?

Attachments: What attachments are allowed on this board?; How do I find all my attachments?

phpBB 3 Issues: Who wrote this bulletin board?; Why isn’t X feature available?; Who do I contact about abusive and/or legal matters related to this board?

Lakȟól’iya Owáakhiye Othí - Lakota Language Forum

Where can I buy the New Lakota Dictionary?: Here..; Top

Where can I take the entry test to upgrade my membership?: Here: http://www.lakotadictionary.org/phpBB3/et.php; Top

Why do new members have to take the entry test to enter the main forum sections?: We have high expectations of the forum and we want to make sure that we can maintain high quality discussions and learning in this forum. This can only be done with members who are serious about wanting to advance in their study of the Lakota language and who are able and willing to follow certain standards (such as using NLD and SLO). There are several internet forums and mailing lists with no expectations from their members that people can join if they do not want to follow any standard. But we believe that this does not serve the students or the language.; Top

Why is Lakota sometimes spelled Lakota and sometimes Lakȟóta?: "Lakȟóta" is the spelling reflecting the pronunciation. "Lakota" is the spelling generally accepted within the English speaking world. We use "Lakota" when it occurs in an English text and "Lakȟóta" when the word appears within a Lakota text.; Top

Why should a standard orthography be used for the Lakota language?: Imagine you were a student who wants to learn English as a second language and during your study you take classes from three different teachers and they write like this:

T1. What would you think if I was your English teacher and wrote English like this?
T2. Whut wuld yu tink if eye waz yo Inglish tičr and rote Iŋglish laik tis?
T3. Wat wud yu: tink if ai woz yor Engliš tychr end rout Ingliš lajk tis?

As a result of this it would be very difficult for you to learn how to write English consistently and how to pronounce words. This would greatly hinder your learning progress and it would make written communication between people using English very difficult. (In fact, one of the reasons why English spelling is so inconsistent today is that during the development of the written form of the language several competing orthographical approaches were in use.)

A language cannot serve the needs of written communication without a standard for writing it. The existence of several competing writing systems makes the development of literacy and written communication very difficult and it decreases the overall status of the language in the long run.
All languages with long literary tradition have undergone the process of standardization at some point in their history. It is never an easy process because a writing system chosen for standardization cannot satisfy everyone's personal preferences. Standardization is, however, very much to the benefit of those who use the language, those who speak it, write it and learn it, and thus it benefits the language itself. Lakota was first given a written form in 1830s and since then several orthographies have been used. During the 1970's and 1990's the generally accepted politically correct approach was "let everybody write it the way they want it and let's be tolerant to each other," or "There is no correct way to write Lakota," etc. We believe that this approach has been a disservice to the language and that it is time to step up and say "There is a correct way to write Lakota – it is an orthography that is consistent, based on the sounds (phonemes) of the language and on the most persistent parts of the orthographical tradition. An orthography that has a chance to be the standard if people set aside their personal preferences for the sake of the language. It takes a wise person to see this logic but there are many wise people out there."; Top

Why should the orthography be based on the sounds of the language?: Because it makes everything easier! If a writing system of a language is based on its sounds then:

- the spelling is completely predictable (does not have to be memorized as that of English)
- such spelling makes pronunciation of written words predictable (unlike in English)
- learning the language is easier and thus faster

English is partly at fault for the situation in which many people (both native speakers and learners) do not recognize the need for phonemic spelling. For a variety of historical, political and linguistic reasons, English spelling is not based consistently on its sounds (technically "phonemes"). Therefore, it is often difficult for English speakers to imagine that the spelling of a language can be predictable (which is the case in many languages around the world). English speakers are so used to memorizing spelling and pronunciation as two separate things that they sometimes fail to see the advantages given by phonemic spelling.; Top

Why does the orthography have to use diacritics? I have difficulty learning diacritics.: Because the Latin alphabet (used for English, Lakota and many other languages) does not include enough characters to cover all the sounds and because the use of diacritics has been an orthographic tradition in Lakota since the early days of writing the language.
If you think that it is difficult to memorize 5 letters (!) with diacritics, imagine that you would have to memorize several thousands of images if you were learning Chinese or Japanese.; Top

Why are Lakota words spelled differently here than in the book I use?: For a number of reasons there has been a large number of competing orthographies (writing systems) for the language. Because there is no central institution that would be an authority over the language, individual speakers, teachers, writers and authors wrote the language each using a writing system of their choice. Since about the year 2000 very serious efforts have been made to standardize the spelling and as a result the Standard Lakota Orthography (SLO) has been adopted by a growing number of schools, teachers and individuals. This is why this forum also uses and promotes SLO.; Top

Why is thípi "house" spelled with an "h" when I hear no "h" pronounced in it?: From the perspective of an English speaker's concept of spelling conventions there is no "h" in the word, but from the perspective of the Lakota language phonology there is a puff of air following the "t". This puff of air, called aspiration, is represented by the letter "h". Most Lakota "t" sounds do not have this puff of air and are pronounced as the "t" in "still". When they do have the puff of air, they are spelled with "th". (See also NLD p. 697, 2.3.4.); Top

What textbooks / learning materials are recommended? Where can I find information on Lakota Language?: We strongly recommend that you use the New Lakota Dictionary as your main study material. It is not just an index of words, but a full-fledged students' dictionary with lots of features that can help in your study.
We also recommend the LLC textbook series Lakȟótiya Wóglaka Po! So far Level 1 and Level 2 have been finished; Level 1 is a picture dictionary that introduces about 400 words in 20 thematic topics. Level 2 is a full and detailed introduction to Lakota pronunciation, reading and writing.
As a stop-gap measure material we recommend the Colorado Lakota Project textbooks. These were developed in 1973 and are thus somewhat methodologically outdated but as for content they are still the most accurate material for adult learners available. Very useful audio tapes come with the textbooks. The orthography of the Colorado textbooks is very similar to the Standard Lakota Orthography (SLO).
All other materials on the language are problematic in one respect or another, most commonly for not using consistent spelling or for inaccurate information. Each of these other resources has some valuable information in it but it is usually difficult for a beginner learner to tell which set of information in those books is correct and which is not.
We are unaware of quality conversational CD's but we are hoping to produce a set of those in the near future.
We generally do not recommend using web-sites as a source of information on Lakota language as they are either unreliable or very rudimentary.; Top

Why should Lakota be written at all when it is an oral language?: All written languages originally developed from oral languages. This is true even about English. Today we live in a world that gives literacy high importance. If you lived in an English speaking country and could not read or write English, you most likely would not be able to make a living or do the most basic things within the society. And people would look down upon you and your social status would be extremely low. Similarly, unwritten languages have a lower status than written ones and they have a smaller chance of survival.; Top

I am looking for the Lakota equivalent of an English word but I cannot find it in the dictionary.: There are generally three reasons for this:

- Some English words do not have an exact equivalent in Lakota.
- The Lakota equivalent has not been recorded in the dictionary.
- The Lakota equivalent has not been coined.

In many cases, however, the English concept can be expressed by way of paraphrasing. Feel free to post questions about English words that you have not found in the New Lakota Dictionary.; Top

There is a Lakota word that I want to understand but I cannot find it in the dictionary.: If you cannot find a word, that you believe to be a Lakota word, in the dictionary, it could be for one of the following reasons:

1) the word is a conjugated form of a word (e.g. mayáni is the 2nd singular of máni). In order to find these words you have to learn the patterns of conjugation and the system of affixes (prefixes and suffixes)
2) the word in question has not been recorded in the dictionary.
3) the word is spelled in a different orthography than that used in NLD (e.g. the word "toka" that occurs in older texts with non-phonemic spelling, represents three different words that can be found under: tókȟa, tȟoká, tȟóka).
4) the word is not a Lakota word.

Feel free to post questions on words you cannot find. Ideally in the section called Wičhóiye – Words.; Top

I see that different sources contradict each other.: Languages with long literary tradition (such as English, French, Japanese etc.) have been studied and documented in great detail. Oral languages, on the other hand, are often under-documented and the available documentation of the languages is often inadequate because the highly consistent and standardized approach to documenting these languages has not been fully developed.
Moreover, indigenous languages are usually non-standardized and speakers frequently disagree on the usage and meaning of the less common words as well as of newly created words.
You are most likely to find accurate information if you use the New Lakota Dictionary, which is the most reliable material for a number of reason.; Top

I do not understand the pronunciation and spelling.: 1) Visit the interactive Lakota alphabet with audio: http://www.lakhota.org/ALPHABET/alphabet.htm

2) Study the Level 2 textbook – a very detailed and easy to follow introduction to pronunciation and spelling in Lakota.

3) Study pages 693 – 699 of the New Lakota Dictionary.; Top

Why cannot I access some of the forums?: Newly registered members (ópȟapi) have limited access and can only read and post in the lower level forum sections. Only "Accepted members" (Ópȟawičhayapi) have full access to the higher level forums. In order to upgrade the membership new members are asked to take a simple test. The test does not test Lakota language proficiency, only the ability to find words in the New Lakota Dictionary and type them with the Standard Lakota keyboard (you can use the Virtual Keyboard integral to the forum, see here: posting.php?mode=edit&f=35&p=382). The test is very short and simple (only 7 to 10 questions).
You can find out more on how to take the test here: http://lakotadictionary.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=73; Top

What does SLO mean?: Standard Lakota Orthography.; Top

What does NLD mean?: New Lakota Dictionary
See: http://stores.languagepress.com/Detail.bok?no=35; Top

What does VK mean?: Virtual Keyboard.
This is a software tool integrated to the forum that enables members to type Lakota using the Standard Lakota Orthography. The VK has the same keyboard layout as the Standard Lakota Keyboard. If you want to type Lakota outside the forum you can use the Standard Lakota Keyboard that is included in the Lakota Keyboard and Fonts Bundle, see: http://stores.languagepress.com/Categories.bok?category=Software; Top

What does "smth" and "sb" mean?: These abbreviations stand for something and somebody and represent the object in definitions of transitive verbs. And example: waŋyáŋka = to see smth/sb This means that he verb waŋyáŋka always has an object. This information is very important in respect to Lakota grammar.; Top

Why is the final "a" of some words spelled with a capital A: The final vowel of these verbs alternates between "a," "e," and "iŋ." This is called ablaut and is described in detail in NLD page 699, section 2.4.2; Top

Why are the forum members required to use the New Lakota Dictionary as their main study material?: The New Lakota Dictionary (NLD) is the most reliable material available on the Lakota language. There are many things that can still be improved in the NLD but in general it is very accurate. It is also much more detailed and comprehensive than any other dictionary on the language. The grammar section of NLD describes many grammatical rules that have not been described before or have been explained inadequately.
Unless people use a reliable source that sets a standard in writing the language, such as the NLD does, written communication and the development of literacy is seriously obstructed. NLD can offer every student confidence in learning and using the language.; Top

Login and Registration Issues

Why can’t I login?: There are several reasons why this could occur. First, ensure your username and password are correct. If they are, contact the board owner to make sure you haven’t been banned. It is also possible the website owner has a configuration error on their end, and they would need to fix it.; Top

Why do I need to register at all?: You may not have to, it is up to the administrator of the board as to whether you need to register in order to post messages. However; registration will give you access to additional features not available to guest users such as definable avatar images, private messaging, emailing of fellow users, usergroup subscription, etc. It only takes a few moments to register so it is recommended you do so.; Top

Why do I get logged off automatically?: If you do not check the Log me in automatically box when you login, the board will only keep you logged in for a preset time. This prevents misuse of your account by anyone else. To stay logged in, check the box during login. This is not recommended if you access the board from a shared computer, e.g. library, internet cafe, university computer lab, etc. If you do not see this checkbox, it means the board administrator has disabled this feature.; Top

How do I prevent my username appearing in the online user listings?: Within your User Control Panel, under “Board preferences”, you will find the option Hide your online status. Enable this option with Yes and you will only appear to the administrators, moderators and yourself. You will be counted as a hidden user.; Top

I’ve lost my password!: Don’t panic! While your password cannot be retrieved, it can easily be reset. Visit the login page and click I’ve forgotten my password. Follow the instructions and you should be able to log in again shortly.; Top

I registered but cannot login!: First, check your username and password. If they are correct, then one of two things may have happened. If COPPA support is enabled and you specified being under 13 years old during registration, you will have to follow the instructions you received. Some boards will also require new registrations to be activated, either by yourself or by an administrator before you can logon; this information was present during registration. If you were sent an e-mail, follow the instructions. If you did not receive an e-mail, you may have provided an incorrect e-mail address or the e-mail may have been picked up by a spam filer. If you are sure the e-mail address you provided is correct, try contacting an administrator.; Top

I registered in the past but cannot login any more?!: Attempt to locate the e-mail sent to you when you first registered, check your username and password and try again. It is possible an administrator has deactivated or deleted your account for some reason. Also, many boards periodically remove users who have not posted for a long time to reduce the size of the database. If this has happened, try registering again and being more involved in discussions.; Top

What is COPPA?: COPPA, or the Child Online Privacy and Protection Act of 1998, is a law in the United States requiring websites which can potentially collect information from minors under the age of 13 to have written parental consent or some other method of legal guardian acknowledgment, allowing the collection of personally identifiable information from a minor under the age of 13. If you are unsure if this applies to you as someone trying to register or to the website you are trying to register on, contact legal counsel for assistance. Please note that the phpBB Group cannot provide legal advice and is not a point of contact for legal concerns of any kind, except as outlined below.; Top

Why can’t I register?: It is possible the website owner has banned your IP address or disallowed the username you are attempting to register. The website owner could have also disabled registration to prevent new visitors from signing up. Contact a board administrator for assistance.; Top

What does the “Delete all board cookies” do?: “Delete all board cookies” deletes the cookies created by phpBB which keep you authenticated and logged into the board. It also provides functions such as read tracking if they have been enabled by the board owner. If you are having login or logout problems, deleting board cookies may help.; Top

User Preferences and settings

How do I change my settings?: If you are a registered user, all your settings are stored in the board database. To alter them, visit your User Control Panel; a link can usually be found at the top of board pages. This system will allow you to change all your settings and preferences.; Top

The times are not correct!: It is possible the time displayed is from a timezone different from the one you are in. If this is the case, visit your User Control Panel and change your timezone to match your particular area, e.g. London, Paris, New York, Sydney, etc. Please note that changing the timezone, like most settings, can only be done by registered users. If you are not registered, this is a good time to do so.; Top

I changed the timezone and the time is still wrong!: If you are sure you have set the timezone and Summer Time/DST correctly and the time is still incorrect, then the time stored on the server clock is incorrect. Please notify an administrator to correct the problem.; Top

My language is not in the list!: Either the administrator has not installed your language or nobody has translated this board into your language. Try asking the board administrator if they can install the language pack you need. If the language pack does not exist, feel free to create a new translation. More information can be found at the phpBB website (see link at the bottom of board pages).; Top

How do I show an image below my username?: There are two images that may appear below a username when viewing posts. Depending on the used style, the first may be an image associated with your rank, generally in the form of stars, blocks or dots, indicating how many posts you have made or your status on the board. The second, usually a larger image, is known as an avatar and is generally unique or personal to each user. It is up to the board administrator to enable avatars and to choose the way in which avatars can be made available. If you are unable to use avatars, contact a board administrator and ask them for their reasons.; Top

What is my rank and how do I change it?: Ranks, which appear below your username, indicate the number of posts you have made or identify certain users, e.g. moderators and administrators. In general, you cannot directly change the wording of any board ranks as they are set by the board administrator. Please do not abuse the board by posting unnecessarily just to increase your rank. Most boards will not tolerate this and the moderator or administrator will simply lower your post count.; Top

When I click the e-mail link for a user it asks me to login?: Only registered users can send e-mail to other users via the built-in e-mail form, and only if the administrator has enabled this feature. This is to prevent malicious use of the e-mail system by anonymous users.; Top

Posting Issues

How do I post a topic in a forum?: To post a new topic in a forum, click the relevant button on either the forum or topic screens. You may need to register before you can post a message. A list of your permissions in each forum is available at the bottom of the forum and topic screens. Example: You can post new topics, You can vote in polls, etc.; Top

How do I edit or delete a post?: Unless you are a board administrator or moderator, you can only edit or delete your own posts. You can edit a post by clicking the edit button for the relevant post, sometimes for only a limited time after the post was made. If someone has already replied to the post, you will find a small piece of text output below the post when you return to the topic which lists the number of times you edited it along with the date and time. This will only appear if someone has made a reply; it will not appear if a moderator or administrator edited the post, though they may leave a note as to why they’ve edited the post at their own digression. Please note that normal users cannot delete a post once someone has replied.; Top

How do I add a signature to my post?: To add a signature to a post you must first create one via your User Control Panel. Once created, you can check the Attach a signature box on the posting form to add your signature. You can also add a signature by default to all your posts by checking the appropriate radio button in your profile. If you do so, you can still prevent a signature being added to individual posts by un-checking the add signature box within the posting form.; Top

How do I create a poll?: When posting a new topic or editing the first post of a topic, click the “Poll creation” tab below the main posting form; if you cannot see this, you do not have appropriate permissions to create polls. Enter a title and at least two options in the appropriate fields, making sure each option is on a separate line in the textarea. You can also set the number of options users may select during voting under “Options per user”, a time limit in days for the poll (0 for infinite duration) and lastly the option to allow users to amend their votes.; Top

Why can’t I add more poll options?: The limit for poll options is set by the board administrator. If you feel you need to add more options to your poll then the allowed amount, contact the board administrator.; Top

How do I edit or delete a poll?: As with posts, polls can only be edited by the original poster, a moderator or an administrator. To edit a poll, click to edit the first post in the topic; this always has the poll associated with it. If no one has cast a vote, users can delete the poll or edit any poll option. However, if members have already placed votes, only moderators or administrators can edit or delete it. This prevents the poll’s options from being changed mid-way through a poll.; Top

Why can’t I access a forum?: Some forums may be limited to certain users or groups. To view, read, post or perform another action you may need special permissions. Contact a moderator or board administrator to grant you access.; Top

Why can’t I add attachments?: Attachment permissions are granted on a per forum, per group, or per user basis. The board administrator may not have allowed attachments to be added for the specific forum you are posting in, or perhaps only certain groups can post attachments. Contact the board administrator if you are unsure about why you are unable to add attachments.; Top

Why did I receive a warning?: Each board administrator has their own set of rules for their site. If you have broken a rule, you may be issued a warning. Please note that this is the board administrator’s decision, and the phpBB Group has nothing to do with the warnings on the given site. Contact the board administrator if you are unsure about why you were issued a warning.; Top

How can I report posts to a moderator?: If the board administrator has allowed it, you should see a button for reporting posts next to the post you wish to report. Clicking this will walk you through the steps necessary to report the post.; Top

What is the “Save” button for in topic posting?: This allows you to save passages to be completed and submitted at a later date. To reload a saved passage, visit the User Control Panel.; Top

Why does my post need to be approved?: The board administrator may have decided that posts in the forum you are posting to require review before submission. It is also possible that the administrator has placed you in a group of users whose posts require review before submission. Please contact the board administrator for further details.; Top

How do I bump my topic?: By clicking the “Bump topic” link when you are viewing it, you can “bump” the topic to the top of the forum on the first page. However, if you do not see this, then topic bumping may be disabled or the time allowance between bumps has not yet been reached. It is also possible to bump the topic simply by replying to it, however, be sure to follow the board rules when doing so.; Top

Formatting and Topic Types

What is BBCode?: BBCode is a special implementation of HTML, offering great formatting control on particular objects in a post. The use of BBCode is granted by the administrator, but it can also be disabled on a per post basis from the posting form. BBCode itself is similar in style to HTML, but tags are enclosed in square brackets [ and ] rather than < and >. For more information on BBCode see the guide which can be accessed from the posting page.; Top

Can I use HTML?: No. It is not possible to post HTML on this board and have it rendered as HTML. Most formatting which can be carried out using HTML can be applied using BBCode instead.; Top

What are Smilies?: Smilies, or Emoticons, are small images which can be used to express a feeling using a short code, e.g. :) denotes happy, while :( denotes sad. The full list of emoticons can be seen in the posting form. Try not to overuse smilies, however, as they can quickly render a post unreadable and a moderator may edit them out or remove the post altogether. The board administrator may also have set a limit to the number of smilies you may use within a post.; Top

Can I post images?: Yes, images can be shown in your posts. If the administrator has allowed attachments, you may be able to upload the image to the board. Otherwise, you must link to an image stored on a publicly accessible web server, e.g. http://www.example.com/my-picture.gif. You cannot link to pictures stored on your own PC (unless it is a publicly accessible server) nor images stored behind authentication mechanisms, e.g. hotmail or yahoo mailboxes, password protected sites, etc. To display the image use the BBCode [img] tag.; Top

What are global announcements?: Global announcements contain important information and you should read them whenever possible. They will appear at the top of every forum and within your User Control Panel. Global announcement permissions are granted by the board administrator.; Top

What are announcements?: Announcements often contain important information for the forum you are currently reading and you should read them whenever possible. Announcements appear at the top of every page in the forum to which they are posted. As with global announcements, announcement permissions are granted by the board administrator.; Top

What are sticky topics?: Sticky topics within the forum appear below announcements and only on the first page. They are often quite important so you should read them whenever possible. As with announcements and global announcements, sticky topic permissions are granted by the board administrator.; Top

What are locked topics?: Locked topics are topics where users can no longer reply and any poll it contained was automatically ended. Topics may be locked for many reasons and were set this way by either the forum moderator or board administrator. You may also be able to lock your own topics depending on the permissions you are granted by the board administrator.; Top

What are topic icons?: Topic icons are author chosen images associated with posts to indicate their content. The ability to use topic icons depends on the permissions set by the board administrator.; Top

User Levels and Groups

What are Administrators?: Administrators are members assigned with the highest level of control over the entire board. These members can control all facets of board operation, including setting permissions, banning users, creating usergroups or moderators, etc., dependent upon the board founder and what permissions he or she has given the other administrators. They may also have full moderator capabilities in all forums, depending on the settings put forth by the board founder.; Top

What are Moderators?: Moderators are individuals (or groups of individuals) who look after the forums from day to day. They have the authority to edit or delete posts and lock, unlock, move, delete and split topics in the forum they moderate. Generally, moderators are present to prevent users from going off-topic or posting abusive or offensive material.; Top

What are usergroups?: Usergroups are groups of users that divide the community into manageable sections board administrators can work with. Each user can belong to several groups and each group can be assigned individual permissions. This provides an easy way for administrators to change permissions for many users at once, such as changing moderator permissions or granting users access to a private forum.; Top

Where are the usergroups and how do I join one?: You can view all usergroups via the “Usergroups” link within your User Control Panel. If you would like to join one, proceed by clicking the appropriate button. Not all groups have open access, however. Some may require approval to join, some may be closed and some may even have hidden memberships. If the group is open, you can join it by clicking the appropriate button. If a group requires approval to join you may request to join by clicking the appropriate button. The user group leader will need to approve your request and may ask why you want to join the group. Please do not harass a group leader if they reject your request; they will have their reasons.; Top

How do I become a usergroup leader?: A usergroup leader is usually assigned when usergroups are initially created by a board administrator. If you are interested in creating a usergroup, your first point of contact should be an administrator; try sending a private message.; Top

Why do some usergroups appear in a different colour?: It is possible for the board administrator to assign a colour to the members of a usergroup to make it easy to identify the members of this group.; Top

What is a “Default usergroup”?: If you are a member of more than one usergroup, your default is used to determine which group colour and group rank should be shown for you by default. The board administrator may grant you permission to change your default usergroup via your User Control Panel.; Top

What is “The team” link?: This page provides you with a list of board staff, including board administrators and moderators and other details such as the forums they moderate.; Top

Private Messaging

I cannot send private messages!: There are three reasons for this; you are not registered and/or not logged on, the board administrator has disabled private messaging for the entire board, or the board administrator has prevented you from sending messages. Contact a board administrator for more information.; Top

I keep getting unwanted private messages!: You can block a user from sending you private messages by using message rules within your User Control Panel. If you are receiving abusive private messages from a particular user, inform a board administrator; they have the power to prevent a user from sending private messages.; Top

I have received a spamming or abusive e-mail from someone on this board!: We are sorry to hear that. The e-mail form feature of this board includes safeguards to try and track users who send such posts, so e-mail the board administrator with a full copy of the e-mail you received. It is very important that this includes the headers that contain the details of the user that sent the e-mail. The board administrator can then take action.; Top

Friends and Foes

What are my Friends and Foes lists?: You can use these lists to organise other members of the board. Members added to your friends list will be listed within your User Control Panel for quick access to see their online status and to send them private messages. Subject to template support, posts from these users may also be highlighted. If you add a user to your foes list, any posts they make will be hidden by default.; Top

How can I add / remove users to my Friends or Foes list?: You can add users to your list in two ways. Within each user’s profile, there is a link to add them to either your Friend or Foe list. Alternatively, from your User Control Panel, you can directly add users by entering their member name. You may also remove users from your list using the same page.; Top

Searching the Forums

How can I search a forum or forums?: Enter a search term in the search box located on the index, forum or topic pages. Advanced search can be accessed by clicking the “Advance Search” link which is available on all pages on the forum. How to access the search may depend on the style used.; Top

Why does my search return no results?: Your search was probably too vague and included many common terms which are not indexed by phpBB3. Be more specific and use the options available within Advanced search.; Top

Why does my search return a blank page!?: Your search returned too many results for the webserver to handle. Use “Advanced search” and be more specific in the terms used and forums that are to be searched.; Top

How do I search for members?: Visit to the “Members” page and click the “Find a member” link.; Top

How can I find my own posts and topics?: Your own posts can be retrieved either by clicking the “Search user’s posts” within the User Control Panel or via your own profile page. To search for your topics, use the Advanced search page and fill in the various options appropriately.; Top

Topic Subscriptions and Bookmarks

What is the difference between bookmarking and subscribing?: Bookmarking in phpBB3 is much like bookmarking in your web browser. You aren’t alerted when there’s an update, but you can come back to the topic later. Subscribing, however, will notify you when there is an update to the topic or forum on the board via your preferred method or methods.; Top

How do I subscribe to specific forums or topics?: To subscribe to a specific forum, click the “Subscribe forum” link upon entering the forum. To subscribe to a topic, reply to the topic with the subscribe checkbox checked or click the “Subscribe topic” link within the topic itself.; Top

How do I remove my subscriptions?: To remove your subscriptions, go to your User Control Panel and follow the links to your subscriptions.; Top

Attachments

What attachments are allowed on this board?: Each board administrator can allow or disallow certain attachment types. If you are unsure what is allowed to be uploaded, contact the board administrator for assistance.; Top

How do I find all my attachments?: To find your list of attachments that you have uploaded, go to your User Control Panel and follow the links to the attachments section.; Top

phpBB 3 Issues

Who wrote this bulletin board?: This software (in its unmodified form) is produced, released and is copyright phpBB Group. It is made available under the GNU General Public License and may be freely distributed. See the link for more details.; Top

Why isn’t X feature available?: This software was written by and licensed through phpBB Group. If you believe a feature needs to be added, please visit the phpbb.com website and see what phpBB Group have to say. Please do not post feature requests to the board at phpbb.com, the group uses SourceForge to handle tasking of new features. Please read through the forums and see what, if any, our position may already be for a feature and then follow the procedure given there.; Top

Who do I contact about abusive and/or legal matters related to this board?: Any of the administrators listed on the “The team” page should be an appropriate point of contact for your complaints. If this still gets no response then you should contact the owner of the domain (do a whois lookup) or, if this is running on a free service (e.g. Yahoo!, free.fr, f2s.com, etc.), the management or abuse department of that service. Please note that the phpBB Group has absolutely no jurisdiction and cannot in any way be held liable over how, where or by whom this board is used. Do not contact the phpBB Group in relation to any legal (cease and desist, liable, defamatory comment, etc.) matter not directly related to the phpBB.com website or the discrete software of phpBB itself. If you do e-mail phpBB Group about any third party use of this software then you should expect a terse response or no response at all.; Top

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Lakota Language Forum - Lakȟól’iya Owáakhiye Othí

Frequently Asked Questions

Lakȟól’iya Owáakhiye Othí - Lakota Language Forum

Login and Registration Issues

User Preferences and settings

Posting Issues

Formatting and Topic Types

User Levels and Groups

Private Messaging

Friends and Foes

Searching the Forums

Topic Subscriptions and Bookmarks

Attachments

phpBB 3 Issues